پاسخ تغییرات مکانیکی بطن‌های چپ و راست عضلۀ قلب ورزشکاران متعاقب دو شیوۀ تمرین مقاومتی شدید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشکدة تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده ی تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 متخصص قلب و عروق و عضو هیات علمی مرکز آموزشی، تحقیقاتی و درمانی قلب و عروق شهید رجایی

چکیده

 
اجرای فعالیت‌های مقاومتی شدید و طولانی‌مدت بر دیوارهای بطنی فشار وارد می‌کند و می‌تواند به‌صورت حاد کار مکانیکی بطن‌ها را مختل سازد. از طرفی تأثیر اجرای فعالیت‌های مقاومتی شدید بر اخلال سازوکار قلبی مشخص نیست؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با متعادل کردن شاخص حجم و شدت در دو شیوۀ فعالیت ست‌های وامانده‌ساز و ست‌های خوشه‌ای، پاسخ‌های عملکردی بطن‌های راست (RV) و چپ (LV) را بررسی می‌کند. 12 ورزشکار مرد با سابقۀ تمرینی 99/2±33/9 سال، داوطلبانه دو نوع پروتکل تمرینی ست‌های وامانده‌ساز و خوشه‌ای را با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پایش 30 دقیقه، 6 و 24 ساعت بعد را مجزا اجرا کردند. هر دو نوع پروتکل شامل 9 حرکت در دامنۀ شدت (RM15-12) و حجم‌های تمرینی برابر بود، برای ست‌های وامانده‌ساز در سه‌ چرخۀ 12 تا 15 تکرار و ست‌های خوشه‌ای 9 چرخۀ 4 تا 5 تکرار اجرا شد. در پایش بعد از فعالیت ست‌های وامانده‌ساز در مقایسه با خوشه‌ای، ضربان قلب با اندازۀ اثر (87/0=d) و درصد تغییرات (24%PC=)، حجم ضربه‌ای (69/0=d) و (14%PC=)، برون‌ده قلبی (06/2=d) و (35%PC=)، حجم پایان سیستولی (68/0=d) و(10%PC=)، دیاستولی (85/0=d) و (13 %PC=) بالا بود. درصورتی‌که متوسط فشار خون (99/0=d) و (10%PC=)، مقاومت عروقی عمومی (91/0=d) و (35%PC=) پایین بود (05/0P<). در کسر تزریقی، استرین سرتاسری طولی (LVGLS) و نسبت (E/é) بعد از هر دو شیوه فعالیت تغییرات معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). مقدار RVFAC (03/1=d) و (11%PC=) و RVGLS (38/1=d) و (21%PC=) در پایش 30 دقیقه بعد از ست‌های وامانده‌‌ساز کاهش داشت که بعد از 24 ساعت به سطوح پایه برگشت (05/0P<). بعد از اجرای ست‌های وامانده‌ساز عملکرد RV به‌طور حاد مختل شده و دچار زوال رفتگی می‌شود که این همراه با افزایش ابعاد پایان دیاستولی و سیستولی RV است. قلب در تلاش است که با تغییر در رویۀ پرشدگی و تزریق بطنی، به‌طور‌ سازگارپذیری عملکرد LV در پمپاژ خون و تزریق بطنی را در سطح بهینه‌ای حفظ کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Mechanical Changes in the Left and Right Ventricles of Athletes' Myocardium following Two Methods of High Intensity Resistance Training

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azizeh Ahmadi 1
  • Said Dabagh, Nikookheslat 2
  • Vahid Sari Sarraf 3
  • Anita Sadeghpoor 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 Professor of Cardiology, Echocardiography Laboratory, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
Intensive and prolonged resistance training puts pressure on the ventricular walls and can severely disrupt ventricular mechanical work. On the other hand, the effect of high intensity resistance training on cardiac mechanism disturbance is not obvious. Therefore, this study investigated right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) functional responses to two types of training (failure sets and cluster sets) with balancing intensity and volume index. 12 male athletes with training history of 9.33 ± 2.99 years voluntarily preformed two training protocols of failure sets and cluster sets separately with pretest and 30 minutes, 6 and 24 hours posttest design. Both protocols consisted of 9 movements in equal training volumes and intensity range (12-15 RM) which were performed in 3 cycles of 12-15 repetitions for failure sets and 9 cycles of 4-5 repetitions for cluster sets. At the posttest, heart rate with effect size (d=0.87) and percentage change (PC=24%), stroke volume (d=0.69) (PC=14%), cardiac output (d=2.06) (PC=35%), end systolic volume (d=0.68) (PC=10%) and end diastolic volume (d=0.85) (PC=13%) were higher after failure sets compared with cluster sets. However, mean blood pressure (d=0.99) (PC=10%) and systemic vascular resistance (d=0.91) (PC=35%) were low (P<0.05). In both training protocols, no significant changes were observed in the ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and (E / é) ratio (P>0.05). RVFAC (d=1.03) (PC=11%) and RVGLS (d=1.38) (PC=21%) decreased in 30 minutes after the failure sets, which returned to the baseline after 24 hours (P<0.05). RV function was severely disrupted and deteriorated after the failure sets, which was associated with increased diastolic and systolic end dimensions of the RV. The heart is trying to optimally maintain the LV function in blood pumping and ventricular injection by modifying the ventricular filling and injection procedures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cluster sets
  • (E/é) ratio
  • failure sets
  • global longitudinal strain (GLS)
  • right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC)
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