Sport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220Social Exclusion, Juvenile Delinquency and Sport ParticipationSocial Exclusion, Juvenile Delinquency and Sport Participation91660140FAAminDehghan GhahfarokhiAssistant professor of sport management, faculty of physical education and sport sciences, University of Tehran0000-0001-8696-0894AminRashidlamirAssistant Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, ,University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, IranJournal Article20180219 <br />Sport is considered as a social inclusion mechanism against social exclusion mechanisms. Socialization via sport has been a factor to internalize a sense of social belonging in endangered groups which is manifested in juvenile delinquency. Using data from interviews with 183 high school students of deprived urban regions, the role of sport in socially accepted beliefs and attitudes was investigated. Using regression analysis, those factors changing behavior with sport participation were analyzed and the effect of sport on the lower juvenile delinquency was positive. Although this study supported the effect of sport on decreased crimes, it warns against the optimistic conclusions of the effect of sport on tackling social problems. <br />Sport is considered as a social inclusion mechanism against social exclusion mechanisms. Socialization via sport has been a factor to internalize a sense of social belonging in endangered groups which is manifested in juvenile delinquency. Using data from interviews with 183 high school students of deprived urban regions, the role of sport in socially accepted beliefs and attitudes was investigated. Using regression analysis, those factors changing behavior with sport participation were analyzed and the effect of sport on the lower juvenile delinquency was positive. Although this study supported the effect of sport on decreased crimes, it warns against the optimistic conclusions of the effect of sport on tackling social problems.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60140_e7e81bb163e17ea5db3f283472aeaf37.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220To Determine the Effect of Two Methods of Upper and Lower Resistance Training on Inflammatory Markers Levels of C-Reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Healthy Untrained WomenTo Determine the Effect of Two Methods of Upper and Lower Resistance Training on Inflammatory Markers Levels of C-Reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Healthy Untrained Women172760141FALeylaSattarzadehfaculty of Physical education and sport Sciences, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMaghsoudPeerihead of Physical education and sport Sciences faculty, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University0000-0003-1415-7319MohammadaliAzarbaijaniFaculty of Physical education and sport Sciences, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University0000-0002-3502-7487HasanMatin Homaeefaculty of Physical education and sport Sciences, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad UniversityJournal Article20180222Inflammation may cause atherosclerosis by various mechanisms. General inflammatory markers are C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. This study aimed at examining the effect of 8 weeks of different patterns of resistance training on CRP, IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels in healthy untrained women. 31 healthy untrained women who volunteered to participate in the study completed 8 weeks of training in 3 groups: upper body resistance training, lower body and control. Blood samples were collected before and after training and levels of the mentioned markers were determined. The results of one-way ANOVA for CRP and ICAM-1 showed an insignificant difference among the groups. But there was a significant difference in IL-6 changes between lower body training and control groups. The intergroup and intragroup changes of BMI, BF% and WHR were not significant in all groups. The results showed that among the mentioned inflammatory markers, IL-6 showed a significant difference in response to lower body resistance training. A probable reason is the engagement of the group of bigger muscles. Other inflammatory markers showed similar responses to the two methods of upper and lower resistance training.Inflammation may cause atherosclerosis by various mechanisms. General inflammatory markers are C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. This study aimed at examining the effect of 8 weeks of different patterns of resistance training on CRP, IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels in healthy untrained women. 31 healthy untrained women who volunteered to participate in the study completed 8 weeks of training in 3 groups: upper body resistance training, lower body and control. Blood samples were collected before and after training and levels of the mentioned markers were determined. The results of one-way ANOVA for CRP and ICAM-1 showed an insignificant difference among the groups. But there was a significant difference in IL-6 changes between lower body training and control groups. The intergroup and intragroup changes of BMI, BF% and WHR were not significant in all groups. The results showed that among the mentioned inflammatory markers, IL-6 showed a significant difference in response to lower body resistance training. A probable reason is the engagement of the group of bigger muscles. Other inflammatory markers showed similar responses to the two methods of upper and lower resistance training.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60141_69cbae47f1fe34d1f5035e6256893528.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220The Role of Mass Media in Sports Tourism DevelopmentThe Role of Mass Media in Sports Tourism Development294260142FAMajidJavidDepartment of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport science, University of Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2868-3045HasanAsadiProfessor Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport science, University of Tehran, IranJournal Article20180307
In accelerated global process, media and communication technology has progressed by unimaginable speed and they have all human activity levels on it’s dominates. The aim of present study is to investigate the attitudes of managers and sport experts, tourism and sports media about the role of mass media in sports tourism development. Research samples are consisted of the managers and sport experts, tourism and cultural heritage and sports media in Tehran Province that by considering the 500 managers and experts in each field using Cochran formula with 0.05 error factor, 306 cases were chosen as a statistical sample involving 102 experts in each field. Research tool, due to lack of standard questionnaire that is compatible and consistent with the purposes of this study, was a researcher designed questionnaire which distributed between 30 people in a Preliminary study after the validity confirmation by professors of sport management (). After questionaries’ distribution and collection, the 267 returned ones analyzed by SPSS V.21 software Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Friedman test. Kolmogorov - Smirnov Results showed the data distribution was not normal. Friedman test was used for ranking the mass media in sport tourism development components. The test results showed that most effective roles of the mass media respectively are "human training" with average ratings of 5.79, and "marketing" with average ratings of 5.63.
In accelerated global process, media and communication technology has progressed by unimaginable speed and they have all human activity levels on it’s dominates. The aim of present study is to investigate the attitudes of managers and sport experts, tourism and sports media about the role of mass media in sports tourism development. Research samples are consisted of the managers and sport experts, tourism and cultural heritage and sports media in Tehran Province that by considering the 500 managers and experts in each field using Cochran formula with 0.05 error factor, 306 cases were chosen as a statistical sample involving 102 experts in each field. Research tool, due to lack of standard questionnaire that is compatible and consistent with the purposes of this study, was a researcher designed questionnaire which distributed between 30 people in a Preliminary study after the validity confirmation by professors of sport management (). After questionaries’ distribution and collection, the 267 returned ones analyzed by SPSS V.21 software Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Friedman test. Kolmogorov - Smirnov Results showed the data distribution was not normal. Friedman test was used for ranking the mass media in sport tourism development components. The test results showed that most effective roles of the mass media respectively are "human training" with average ratings of 5.79, and "marketing" with average ratings of 5.63.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60142_79497a7a40495c8773a92b603188883c.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220The Acute Response of Hemodynamic Parameters to Walking on a Treadmill with Blood Flow Restriction in Sedentary Young GirlsThe Acute Response of Hemodynamic Parameters to Walking on a Treadmill with Blood Flow Restriction in Sedentary Young Girls435360143FAFaezehNaserkhaniMSc sport physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Shahrood University of Technology,Shahrood, IranRahimehMehdizadehAssociate Professor sport physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Shahrood University of Technology,Shahrood, IranJournal Article20180221
Changes in hemodynamic parameters during exercise is dependent on the type and volume of exercise. But these changes after exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) are less considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute response of some hemodynamic parameters to a session of walking on a treadmill with BFR in young girls. 30 healthy young girls (mean age 20.27±1.76 years and weight 53.61±3.80 kg) who volunteered to participate in the study were selected as the sample and randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1-walking on a treadmill with BFR (intensity: 2 miles/hour, 5 sets of
2 minutes with one minute of rest between each set), 2-walking on a treadmill without BFR (with the same volume of BFR group) and 3-control (with BFR and without exercise). The heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured before and 20 minutes after the session. For blood flow restriction, Tourniquet device was used. MAP was calculated using the following formula for each person: MAP = (DBP+0.33(SBP-DBP)). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Level of statistical significance was set at P˂0.05. The results showed that both BFR and non-BFR exercises increased HR, SBP, RPP significantly compared with pre-exercise amounts (P˂0.05). After one session of exercise, a significant difference was observed in RPR, HR and SBP among the three groups (P˂0.05). This increase was greater in BFR group than without BFR group while there was no significant difference in MAP and DBP among different groups after a session of walking on the treadmill with BFR (P>0.05). The results showed that BFR changes some hemodynamic parameters which shows that the heart muscle needs increase in response to BFR exercises.
Changes in hemodynamic parameters during exercise is dependent on the type and volume of exercise. But these changes after exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) are less considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute response of some hemodynamic parameters to a session of walking on a treadmill with BFR in young girls. 30 healthy young girls (mean age 20.27±1.76 years and weight 53.61±3.80 kg) who volunteered to participate in the study were selected as the sample and randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1-walking on a treadmill with BFR (intensity: 2 miles/hour, 5 sets of
2 minutes with one minute of rest between each set), 2-walking on a treadmill without BFR (with the same volume of BFR group) and 3-control (with BFR and without exercise). The heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured before and 20 minutes after the session. For blood flow restriction, Tourniquet device was used. MAP was calculated using the following formula for each person: MAP = (DBP+0.33(SBP-DBP)). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Level of statistical significance was set at P˂0.05. The results showed that both BFR and non-BFR exercises increased HR, SBP, RPP significantly compared with pre-exercise amounts (P˂0.05). After one session of exercise, a significant difference was observed in RPR, HR and SBP among the three groups (P˂0.05). This increase was greater in BFR group than without BFR group while there was no significant difference in MAP and DBP among different groups after a session of walking on the treadmill with BFR (P>0.05). The results showed that BFR changes some hemodynamic parameters which shows that the heart muscle needs increase in response to BFR exercises.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60143_87d66d46347233954c987aa4d05f1e54.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220The Codification of a Model of Coach Selection in Iran Premier League Football TeamsThe Codification of a Model of Coach Selection in Iran Premier League Football Teams556860144FAHelenHossiniShahroud UniversityRezaShafiee PoorIslamic Azad UniversityMehdiEmadiallameh tabatabi universityJournal Article20180224
This study was designed to codify a model of coach selection in Iran premier league football teams. The method of this study was survey and the population included elite coaches, elite players, managers, university professors and football experts considering the study aims. Due to the lack of specific information about the total number of population and based on Cochran sample volume formula, when the population is not known, 384 subjects were selected as the sample. A researcher-made questionnaire based on a comprehensive review of literature was used to collect data. Its validity and reliability were assessed by common methods. For data analysis, factor analysis and path analysis by SPSS and AMOS software were used. The results showed that 4 factors explained 86.298% of the total variance. Also, the results showed that enjoyment of communication-social property (impact=0.528) had the highest effect on better selection of coaches in Iran football premier league.
This study was designed to codify a model of coach selection in Iran premier league football teams. The method of this study was survey and the population included elite coaches, elite players, managers, university professors and football experts considering the study aims. Due to the lack of specific information about the total number of population and based on Cochran sample volume formula, when the population is not known, 384 subjects were selected as the sample. A researcher-made questionnaire based on a comprehensive review of literature was used to collect data. Its validity and reliability were assessed by common methods. For data analysis, factor analysis and path analysis by SPSS and AMOS software were used. The results showed that 4 factors explained 86.298% of the total variance. Also, the results showed that enjoyment of communication-social property (impact=0.528) had the highest effect on better selection of coaches in Iran football premier league.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60144_f56d9031a87ec443cb8a13cedfead3d2.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220The Effect of 6 Weeks of High Intensity Circuit Resistance Training on Plasma Level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Inactive MenThe Effect of 6 Weeks of High Intensity Circuit Resistance Training on Plasma Level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Inactive Men697860145FAAliYaghoubi2. Department of Physical Education and sport science, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.AlirezaElhamiDepartment of Physical Education and sport science, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.Journal Article20180222
How molecular changes associated with synaptic plasticity in different types of training are yet unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of high intensity circuit resistance training on plasma level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in inactive men. For this purpose, 20 inactive men (aged between 18 and 25 and weight: 60-80 kg) were randomly divided into resistance training and control groups. Resistance training group performed circuit resistance training (intensity: 75-80% of 1RM) for six weeks. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after the last training session. Changes in BDNF level were measured using an ELISA kit. Dependent and independent t tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons at significant level of P˂0.05. The results showed that 6 weeks of resistance training significantly increased BDNF level (P=0.022). Also, the plasma BDNF level in the resistance training group was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.024). Possibly, resistance training can play a beneficial role in synaptic plasticity in inactive person by an increase in BDNF level.
How molecular changes associated with synaptic plasticity in different types of training are yet unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of high intensity circuit resistance training on plasma level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in inactive men. For this purpose, 20 inactive men (aged between 18 and 25 and weight: 60-80 kg) were randomly divided into resistance training and control groups. Resistance training group performed circuit resistance training (intensity: 75-80% of 1RM) for six weeks. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after the last training session. Changes in BDNF level were measured using an ELISA kit. Dependent and independent t tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons at significant level of P˂0.05. The results showed that 6 weeks of resistance training significantly increased BDNF level (P=0.022). Also, the plasma BDNF level in the resistance training group was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.024). Possibly, resistance training can play a beneficial role in synaptic plasticity in inactive person by an increase in BDNF level.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60145_8dcf968c43d65050f537016585c1aa15.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220The Relationship between Organizational Trust and Job Compatibility in the Staff of the General Office of Sport and Youth in Golestan ProvinceThe Relationship between Organizational Trust and Job Compatibility in the Staff of the General Office of Sport and Youth in Golestan Province799460146FAAbdulrasoolSaieedi Far1. M. A. in Sport Management, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, IranMir HassanSaid Amery. Professor, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences. Urmia University, Urmia, IranFariborzFathiPh. D. Student in Sport Managemenet, Tehran Payame Noor UniversityJournal Article20180211 <br /><br />Researchers believe that increased productivity and enhanced organizational commitment and job compatibility are the results of increased trust in the organization. The aim of this study was the relationship between organizational trust and job compatibility in the staff of the general office of Sport and Youth in Golestan province. The present study was descriptive and correlation conducted as a field. The statistical population consisted of all male and female staff of the general office of Sport and Youth in Golestan province (N=58). In order to collect data, two standard questionnaires of Organizational Trust based on Ellonen et al. (2008) model and Job Compatibility based on H.M Beel (1998) model were used. In order to check the reliability, Chronbach alpha was used in a pilot study including 30 subjects: organizational trust: α=0.87 and job compatibility: α=0.81. The data were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA andmultivariate regression. The results indicated that 1- There was a significant and positive relationship (P <br /><br />Researchers believe that increased productivity and enhanced organizational commitment and job compatibility are the results of increased trust in the organization. The aim of this study was the relationship between organizational trust and job compatibility in the staff of the general office of Sport and Youth in Golestan province. The present study was descriptive and correlation conducted as a field. The statistical population consisted of all male and female staff of the general office of Sport and Youth in Golestan province (N=58). In order to collect data, two standard questionnaires of Organizational Trust based on Ellonen et al. (2008) model and Job Compatibility based on H.M Beel (1998) model were used. In order to check the reliability, Chronbach alpha was used in a pilot study including 30 subjects: organizational trust: α=0.87 and job compatibility: α=0.81. The data were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA andmultivariate regression. The results indicated that 1- There was a significant and positive relationship (Phttps://www.sportrc.ir/article_60146_2feb75fc9b86f959e54a9cc501e190e3.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220The effect of 3 weeks ergometer cycling training with and without vascular occlusion on Plasma concentration of Irisin and PGC-1α in healthy menThe effect of 3 weeks ergometer cycling training with and without vascular occlusion on Plasma concentration of Irisin and PGC-1α in healthy men9510560148FASamirahChirehMS c, Department of Sports Science, North Tehran branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, Iran.RostamAlizadehdepartment of Sports Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.LidaMoradiAssistance professor, Department of Sports Science, North Tehran branch,Islamic azad university, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180228
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 weeks ergometer cycling training with and without vascular occlusion on plasma concentration of Irisin and PGC-1α in healthy men. 24 men of physical education students of Kharazmi University voluntarily participated in this study and divided into three groups (8 subject); ergometer cycling training with vascular occlusion, ergometer cycling training without vascular occlusion and control. The training program included three bouts 3-minute ergometer cycling with 50% watts’ maximum intensity (Wmax) with 30 seconds of rest between each bout, during 3 weeks and 3 sessions training per week. Data were analyzed with t-test and ANOVA at P≤0.05. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test Irisin levels in the occlusion (p=0.001) and without occlusion group (p=0.011), but There is no significant difference between the values of irisin pre-test and post-test, the compatibility in the control group (P<0/05). Also, there was a significant difference between PGC-1α pre-test and post-test in the occlusion (p=0.001) and without occlusion group (p=0.04), but There was no significant difference between the values of PGC-1α pre-test and post-test, the compatibility in the control group (P<0/05). According to the results of this study, it seems to that both types of training have beneficial effects on the factors involved in energy metabolism in active individuals and there is no difference between the effects of the two types of training
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 weeks ergometer cycling training with and without vascular occlusion on plasma concentration of Irisin and PGC-1α in healthy men. 24 men of physical education students of Kharazmi University voluntarily participated in this study and divided into three groups (8 subject); ergometer cycling training with vascular occlusion, ergometer cycling training without vascular occlusion and control. The training program included three bouts 3-minute ergometer cycling with 50% watts’ maximum intensity (Wmax) with 30 seconds of rest between each bout, during 3 weeks and 3 sessions training per week. Data were analyzed with t-test and ANOVA at P≤0.05. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test Irisin levels in the occlusion (p=0.001) and without occlusion group (p=0.011), but There is no significant difference between the values of irisin pre-test and post-test, the compatibility in the control group (P<0/05). Also, there was a significant difference between PGC-1α pre-test and post-test in the occlusion (p=0.001) and without occlusion group (p=0.04), but There was no significant difference between the values of PGC-1α pre-test and post-test, the compatibility in the control group (P<0/05). According to the results of this study, it seems to that both types of training have beneficial effects on the factors involved in energy metabolism in active individuals and there is no difference between the effects of the two types of traininghttps://www.sportrc.ir/article_60148_4738d3e80d86e941acb882e1afef5119.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220Modeling the Effect of Coaches Leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction in Iranian Track and field Pro LeagueModeling the Effect of Coaches Leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction in Iranian Track and field Pro League10712060150FAAmirGhanbarpourAssistant professor, department of sport science, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranAbdolghafarSegharSport expert of oil companyJournal Article20180307The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Coaches Leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction <br />In Iranian Track and field Pro League. For this purpose Chelladurai & Saleh leadership in sport Scale (1980) and Rimer & Chelladurai (1998) athletes Satisfaction questionnaires were used. Statistical Society of the study includes Athletes in Iranian track and field Premier League Consists of 224 athletes that 144 Person According to Morgan, using simple random sampling Selected as a Statistical sample of the research. To analyze the data and identify the effects of research variables, Structural equation modeling by using LISER 8.8 Software was used. The Findings showed that, the effect of training and instruction (=β0.45, t=3.22) and Autocratic (=β -0.46, t= -2.23) leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction has a significant effect. The Findings, moreover, showed that the effect of democratic (=β0.36, t=0.94), social support (=β -0.52, t= -0.66), and positive feedback (=β 0.55, t= 0.80) leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction was not significant. Based on results of the research can be expressed with regard to the role of athletes satisfaction in individual success of athlete and team performance, using the appropriate leadership style to improve the athletes satisfaction is necessary from the coaches. <br /><strong> </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Coaches Leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction <br />In Iranian Track and field Pro League. For this purpose Chelladurai & Saleh leadership in sport Scale (1980) and Rimer & Chelladurai (1998) athletes Satisfaction questionnaires were used. Statistical Society of the study includes Athletes in Iranian track and field Premier League Consists of 224 athletes that 144 Person According to Morgan, using simple random sampling Selected as a Statistical sample of the research. To analyze the data and identify the effects of research variables, Structural equation modeling by using LISER 8.8 Software was used. The Findings showed that, the effect of training and instruction (=β0.45, t=3.22) and Autocratic (=β -0.46, t= -2.23) leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction has a significant effect. The Findings, moreover, showed that the effect of democratic (=β0.36, t=0.94), social support (=β -0.52, t= -0.66), and positive feedback (=β 0.55, t= 0.80) leadership styles on athletes Satisfaction was not significant. Based on results of the research can be expressed with regard to the role of athletes satisfaction in individual success of athlete and team performance, using the appropriate leadership style to improve the athletes satisfaction is necessary from the coaches. <br /><strong> </strong>https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60150_3f9969d87e5d5385a1de287276e8c4dd.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220A Comparison of Reaction of Fans of Own and Rival Teams to Sponsors (Case Study: Isfahan Sepahan and Zob Ahan Clubs)A Comparison of Reaction of Fans of Own and Rival Teams to Sponsors (Case Study: Isfahan Sepahan and Zob Ahan Clubs)12113260151FAMojtabaGHASEMI SIANIuniversity of kurdistanMohammadhoseinRazaviuniversity of mazandaranMortezaDoustiuniversity of mazandaranJournal Article20180211 <br />The aim of the present study was to compare the reaction of fans of own team and rival team to sponsors in Isfahan Sepahan and Zob Ahan teams. This study was descriptive / survey and the statistical population comprised of all fans of Sepahan and Zob Ahan teams in the 13<sup>th</sup> season of Iran Pro League (IPL).The sample size (n=367) was selected using stratified random sampling method. The content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by 8 sport management professors and their reliability was obtained through Cronbach alpha as follows: Sepahan: r= 0.83 and Zob Ahan: r=0.86 and they were confirmed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data and to verify hypotheses at 0.05, U Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation were used. The results showed a significant difference in sponsors’ support for football between the fans of own team and rival team (0.0001). Also, there was a significant positive relationship between public image of sponsors of both teams and interest in sponsors and advice advertisement between fans of Sepahan and Zob Ahan teams (0.0001). There was no relationship only between public image of sponsors of Zob Ahan team and advice advertisement between the fans of Zob Ahan team (0.23). The clubs are recommended to create a favorable and positive image of sponsors in the fans of both teams so that the sponsor companies can achieve their goal of supporting as well as competitive advantage and increase their support for football. <br />The aim of the present study was to compare the reaction of fans of own team and rival team to sponsors in Isfahan Sepahan and Zob Ahan teams. This study was descriptive / survey and the statistical population comprised of all fans of Sepahan and Zob Ahan teams in the 13<sup>th</sup> season of Iran Pro League (IPL).The sample size (n=367) was selected using stratified random sampling method. The content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by 8 sport management professors and their reliability was obtained through Cronbach alpha as follows: Sepahan: r= 0.83 and Zob Ahan: r=0.86 and they were confirmed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data and to verify hypotheses at 0.05, U Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation were used. The results showed a significant difference in sponsors’ support for football between the fans of own team and rival team (0.0001). Also, there was a significant positive relationship between public image of sponsors of both teams and interest in sponsors and advice advertisement between fans of Sepahan and Zob Ahan teams (0.0001). There was no relationship only between public image of sponsors of Zob Ahan team and advice advertisement between the fans of Zob Ahan team (0.23). The clubs are recommended to create a favorable and positive image of sponsors in the fans of both teams so that the sponsor companies can achieve their goal of supporting as well as competitive advantage and increase their support for football.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60151_fb7179b09564f8bc6d5363aada5b659e.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220A Study of the Effect of Service Marketing Mix Factors on Satisfaction of Football FansA Study of the Effect of Service Marketing Mix Factors on Satisfaction of Football Fans13314660152FAAkbarJaberiShahid bahonar university of kerman, Departement of sport management0000-0002-7849-8668FarzanehMazloomi SoveiniUniversity of Allame TabatabaeiJavadKhazaei PoolUniversity of IsfahanMehdiMoradiUniversity of TehranJournal Article20180211 sport industry is to attract and maintain fans by football clubs that can provide the clubs with high revenue potentials. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of marketing mix factors on fans’ satisfaction as major customers in football industry. The research method was descriptive – survey and a applied one. The data were collected by a combination of a researcher-made questionnaire (Marketing Mix Questionnaire) and a structured questionnaire (Zabkar et al. (2010) Satisfaction Questionnaire) designed based on 5-point Likert scale. The statistical population consisted of football fans in Tehran city and a sample (n=381) was selected through random sampling method. The reliability of the items of the questionnaires was found to be 0.91 by Chronbach’s alpha and their validity was verified using content validity and sport management and marketing management experts’ viewpoints. AMOS18 and SPSS18 were used for data analysis. To measure the validity of the model, Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) was applied, and based on the results of path analysis, the effect of all service marketing mix factors except for promotion on fans’ satisfaction was verified. According to the importance of financial revenues in professional sports, it is suggested that sport managers in football should effectively manage service marketing mix to attract fans’ satisfaction. sport industry is to attract and maintain fans by football clubs that can provide the clubs with high revenue potentials. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of marketing mix factors on fans’ satisfaction as major customers in football industry. The research method was descriptive – survey and a applied one. The data were collected by a combination of a researcher-made questionnaire (Marketing Mix Questionnaire) and a structured questionnaire (Zabkar et al. (2010) Satisfaction Questionnaire) designed based on 5-point Likert scale. The statistical population consisted of football fans in Tehran city and a sample (n=381) was selected through random sampling method. The reliability of the items of the questionnaires was found to be 0.91 by Chronbach’s alpha and their validity was verified using content validity and sport management and marketing management experts’ viewpoints. AMOS18 and SPSS18 were used for data analysis. To measure the validity of the model, Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) was applied, and based on the results of path analysis, the effect of all service marketing mix factors except for promotion on fans’ satisfaction was verified. According to the importance of financial revenues in professional sports, it is suggested that sport managers in football should effectively manage service marketing mix to attract fans’ satisfaction.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60152_0bdd1cb57527f67d1aa5c42088e517cd.pdfSport Physiology & Management Investigations1735.53549420180220An Investigation of the Relationship between Constraining Factors and Students’ Participation in Extracurricular Sport Activities at Military University with Mixed Research MethodAn Investigation of the Relationship between Constraining Factors and Students’ Participation in Extracurricular Sport Activities at Military University with Mixed Research Method14716260153FASaeedSaneiFaculty of physical
education and sport sciences, Azad University, branch of Tehran Shargh, Tehran, IranSeyed RezaHosseini NiaFaculty of physical
education and sport sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranJournal Article20180211
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between constraining factors and students’ participation in extracurricular sport activities at Military University. The method of the present study was mixed and of an explanatory type. Questionnaire and interview were two techniques used for data collection. The results showed that about %66 of students said that they did not participate in any physical activity. 3 factors of time, skill and personal interest were more preventive respectively among the students. Also, there was a significant relationship between shortage of time, personal interest, economic status, level of physical fitness and public relations with level of sport participation of students, but there was no relationship between facilities, quality of management and skill with level of sport participation. In addition, the results of the qualitative research identified two categories: individual and organizational factors that played a role in the absence of students from extracurricular sport activities. A large part of the obtained results of quantitative research was approved by the results of qualitative research. In addition, their cause was investigated in an accurate, in-depth and more practical way. Since the participation in sport activities will promote health, the officials are recommended to plan to overcome these obstacles and to pave the way for more participation of students.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between constraining factors and students’ participation in extracurricular sport activities at Military University. The method of the present study was mixed and of an explanatory type. Questionnaire and interview were two techniques used for data collection. The results showed that about %66 of students said that they did not participate in any physical activity. 3 factors of time, skill and personal interest were more preventive respectively among the students. Also, there was a significant relationship between shortage of time, personal interest, economic status, level of physical fitness and public relations with level of sport participation of students, but there was no relationship between facilities, quality of management and skill with level of sport participation. In addition, the results of the qualitative research identified two categories: individual and organizational factors that played a role in the absence of students from extracurricular sport activities. A large part of the obtained results of quantitative research was approved by the results of qualitative research. In addition, their cause was investigated in an accurate, in-depth and more practical way. Since the participation in sport activities will promote health, the officials are recommended to plan to overcome these obstacles and to pave the way for more participation of students.https://www.sportrc.ir/article_60153_0714ad2a68dda4bca75379e22c9bfede.pdf