The aim of this research was to identify the factors affecting the analytical study of the pattern of development of participation in Iranian women's mass sports based on the territory. The present study used a qualitative design and grounded theory to build the conceptual model of the research. The statistical population included sports management professors, managers and experts working in the development of women's mass sports and sports organizations, and physical education coaches and teachers in the development of women's mass sports. Purposive sampling was carried out and a total of 14 interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed with open, axial and selective coding. Factors affecting the development of mass sports and sports actions in the development of Iranian women's mass sports were categorized into three categories: causal, contextual and interventional factors. Regarding causal factors, 13 subgroups and four main categories were identified. Regarding underlying factors, 45 subgroups were identified in 7 main categories, and regarding intervening factors, 34 subgroups under 8 main categories were identified. The results of this study can be used as a roadmap for relevant organizations such as the Ministry of Sports and Youth, Medical Treatment and Education, and all women's sports and their managers to develop effective strategies to expand public sports and improve desired health outcomes.