Background and purpose: Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for heart attack and increases the risk of death in society. Current trends in the prevalence of diabetes and heart failure predict an increasing burden of disease. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the changes of chemerin and resistin and apoptotic indices by inducing diabetes after resistance and combined endurance sports activity on rats.

Methodology: 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7: control, endurance training, resistance training, combined training, and trained for six weeks. Diabetes was induced by injecting a single dose of streptozotocin to the rats and the levels of Bax and Bcl2 proteins from the left ventricular tissue of the rats were measured by ELISA method. Insulin levels, glucose levels and insulin resistance index were measured. In order to determine the significance of the difference between the research groups, one-way ANOVA statistical test was used at the significance level of p < 0.05.

Findings: The results showed that between the two groups of combined training and control in the values of resistin (P=0.037), chemrin (P=0.043), Bax and Bcl2 of heart tissue (P=0.000) and VO2 max values (P=0.000 P=0.00) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of diabetic Wistar rats, there is a significant difference. Also, there is a significant difference between the ratio of Bax to Bcl2 in diabetic Wistar rats, combined exercise groups and control groups.

Conclusion: Therefore, six weeks of endurance, resistance and combined sports activities have positive effects on the amounts of resistin, chemerin, bax and bcl2 in the heart tissue of diabetic Wistar rats.