Some adipokines play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Adipokines play a role in many metabolic processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of adipsin and chemerin genes in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Thirty-two 10-week-old rats weighing 220±20 g (initially) were purchased and divided into four groups: A: healthy control, B: fatty liver, C: HIIT, and D: fatty liver + HIIT. Rats were induced to develop fatty liver by a fatty diet using a modified model of Baek et al. The HIIT training protocol was a regular series of high-intensity and low-intensity treadmill training with rest periods between exercises. The expression of chemerin and adipsin genes in liver tissue was measured by Real Time PCR. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significant level of P ≤ 0.05. The results of the present study showed that the expression of chemerin and adipsin genes in liver tissue in the fatty liver group was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P = 0.001). The expression of chemerin and adipsin genes in liver tissue was significantly lower in the HIIT and fatty liver + HIIT groups compared to the fatty liver group (P = 0.001). According to the results of the study, it can be stated that the exercise program used in the present study (HIIT) improves the levels of adipokines in fatty liver disease.