Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of resistance and endurance training along with oral consumption of hawthorn extract on the levels of the inflammatory protein Nlrp3 and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in the kidney tissue of Alzheimer's rats.

Methods: In this experimental study, 49 male rats were randomly divided into seven groups after induction of Alzheimer's model with trimethyltin-chloride (TMT): healthy control, Alzheimer's control, Alzheimer's+hawthorn, Alzheimer's+resistance, Alzheimer's+resistance+hawthorn, Alzheimer's+endurance, Alzheimer's+endurance+hawthorn. Resistance training included ladder climbing with a weight attached to the tail (12 weeks, 5 days a week) and endurance training included incremental swimming in a special pool for rats. Hawthorn supplement was consumed at a rate of 6.25% of the standard diet. After the end of the intervention, tissue levels of Nlrp3 (ELISA) and Gpx (calorimetry) in kidney tissue were measured and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P<0.05).

Results: The results showed that hawthorn consumption alone or in combination with both types of exercise significantly reduced Nlrp3 levels and improved Gpx levels in kidney tissue (P<0.001). Although resistance and endurance training alone caused changes in these indicators, these changes did not reach a significant level.

Conclusion: Hawthorn seems to have a stronger effect on modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney in the Alzheimer's model than resistance and endurance training. However, combining exercise interventions with hawthorn supplementation can be considered as a complementary non-pharmacological approach in reducing kidney damage associated with Alzheimer's.