The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on serum levels of myostatin, follistatin and insulin resistance in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, 20 elderly men with type 2 diabetes (age: 72.45 ± 4.97, weight: 79.70 ± 12.57, BMI: 27.91 ± 4.07) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: resistance training (n = 10) and control (n = 10). The resistance training group performed 8 movements in 3 sets with 10 repetitions at 70% 1RM for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 hours following the last training session. The paired t test and ANCOVA were used to analyze data in the significance level of 0.05. The results of intra-group data analysis showed that 8 weeks of resistance training significantly increased lower and upper extremity strength (P=0.001) and serum levels of follistatin (P=0.008), and significantly decreased serum levels of myostatin (P=0.03), insulin, glucose and insulin resistance index (P=0.001) in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Also, intergroup changes showed that resistance training group showed a significant increase in lower and upper extremity strength (P=0.001) and serum levels of follistatin (P=0.01) and a significant decrease in serum levels of myostatin (P=0.01), insulin, glucose and insulin resistance index (P=0.001). Resistance training program with follistatin upregulation and myostatin downregulation influences the improvement of the metabolism of glucose degraded by insulin resistance in the elderly with type 2 diabetes which also affects muscle strength.