The purpose of this study was to design a model of factors affecting crisis management in mountaineering accidents. This study is applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of the type of data used. It was conducted using a grounded theory methodology based on the Strauss and Corbin approach. The target population for this research included experts in the field of mountaineering and crisis management, who were selected using the snowball sampling method (chain reference). The qualitative data collection tool used in this study was semi-structured interviews, which continued with 15 participants until theoretical saturation was reached. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were applied for data analysis. The results revealed that the causal conditions included: expert human resources, specialized equipment, and financial resources. Contextual conditions include: incident level, management status, and access. Intervening conditions included: climatic conditions, principles and duties of management, transparency of rules and regulations, and integrity of management. These conditions formed the central phenomenon of "effective crisis management in mountaineering incidents." Based on the obtained results, the strategies included: empowerment, culture building, and planning. The consequences included: improving management, informing the public, and drafting laws and protective regulations.



Given that Iran has diverse climatic conditions and mountainous regions across the country, including the north, west, southwest, center, east, and southeast, a comprehensive set of factors must be considered for effective crisis management of mountaineering accidents. Paying attention to the factors identified in this research can play a crucial role in preventing and optimally managing mountaineering accidents, which often result in fatalities.