تأثیر فشارهای متفاوت کاهش جریان خون با فعالیت ایزومتریک بر تغییرات الکترومیوگرافی عضله

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

2 دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، استاد دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

3 دکتری طب ورزشی، دانشیار دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

4 دکتری رادیولوژی، استادیار مرکز تحقیقات بالینی بیمارستان طالقانی، تهران

چکیده

هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر حاد فعالیت‌های ایزومتریک با فشارهای مختلف کاهش جریان خون بر تغییرات الکترومیوگرافی عضله است. بدین منظور 10 مرد دانشجوی سالم با میانگین سن 33/0±8/25 سال و قد 67/1±6/176 سانتی‌متر و وزن 1/2±2/75 کیلوگرم که سابقه تمرین مقاومتی را داشته‌اند به‌طور داوطلبانه در این تحقیق شرکت کردند. در ابتدا فشارخون قوزک پا آزمودنی‌ها به‌وسیله دستگاه سونوگرافی داپلر رنگی و توسط متخصص سونوگرافی تعیین گردید و همین مقدار فشار جهت کاهش جریان خون در جلسات فعالیت همراه با کاهش جریان خون به‌وسیله کاف بر بالاترین نقطه ران پای غالب آزمودنی‌ها اعمال شد. پروتکل این تحقیق شامل 6 انقباض ایزومتریک 10 ثانیه‌ای و بین هر دو انقباض آزمودنی‌ها 60 ثانیه استراحت می‌کردند. این پروتکل در هر چهار جلسه فعالیت که با یکی از فشارهای صفر،100،70 و 130 درصد فشار سیستولی انجام شد، عیناً تکرار شد. با استفاده از آزمون کلموگروف اسمیرنف طبیعی بودن داده‌ها بررسی شد و سپس از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مکرر یک‌طرفه جهت تشخیص معنادار بودن تغییرات (الکترومیوگرافی ادغامی)  iEMG بین چهار جلسه استفاده شد. نتایج داده‌ها نشان داد که بین جلسات 100 و 130 درصد فشار سیستولی در iEMG  تفاوت معنادار مشاهده نشد (05/0P>) ، ولی  بین سایر جلسات تفاوت معنادار در iEMG  مشاهده شد (05/0P<). همچنین اگر فعالیت همراه با کاهش جریان خون با بار 65 درصد MVC با فشاری  معادل 100 درصد فشار سیستولی انجام شود، فعالیت الکتریکی بیشتر از انجام همین فعالیت با بار یکسان و فشارهای کم تر (صفر و 70 درصد فشار سیستولی) و برابر با انجام فعالیت با بار یکسان و فشار 130 درصد فشار سیستولی خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Pressures of Blood Flow Restriction with Isometric Exercise on EMG Changes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aref Bassereh 1
  • Khosrow Ebrahim 2
  • Fariborz Hovanloo 3
  • Pouneh Dehghan 4
1 MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
2 PhD of Exercise Physiology, Professor of Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
3 PhD of Sport Medicine, Associate Professor of Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
4 PhD of Radiology, Assistant Professor of Clinical Research Center, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran
چکیده [English]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of isometric exercises with different pressures of blood flow restriction on EMG changes. 10 male healthy university students (mean age: 25.8±0.33 yr, height: 176.6±1.67 cm, weight: 75.2±2.1 kg) who had a history of resistance exercises voluntarily participated in this study. Firstly, subjects' ankle blood pressure was determined by color Doppler ultrasound and a sonography specialist. Then, in the exercise sessions with blood flow restriction, similar amount of pressure was applied to the highest point of the thigh of subjects' dominant legs by the cuff to occlude blood flow. The study protocol consisted of six 10-sec. isometric contractions; participants had 60 seconds of rest between every two sets. The protocol was repeated in every 4 sessions conducted with 0, 70, 100 and 130% of systolic pressure. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess normality of the data and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used to detect significant changes in iEMG among the 4 sessions. Statistical analysis of data showed no significant differences between sessions of 100 and 130 of systolic pressure in iEMG (P>0.05), But a significant difference was observed among other sessions in iEMG (P<0.05). If a person performs an exercise with blood flow restriction, 65% of MVC and 100% of systolic pressure, electric activity will be more than the same exercise with similar load and lower pressures (0, 70% systolic pressure) and equal to the exercise with similar load and 130% of systolic pressure.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • blood flow restriction
  • isometric activity
  • Kaatsu
  • electromyography
  • occlusion
1.  American College of Sports Medicine (2009). “position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults”. Sci. Sports Exercise, 41(3): P.687–708.
2.  Cook SB, Clark BC, Ploutz-Snyder LL (2007). “Effects of Exercise Load and Blood-Flow Restriction on Skeletal Muscle Function”. 39(10):P.1708-1713.
3.  Fukuda. T, T Yasuda, K Fukumura, H Iida (2013). “low-intensity kaatsu resistance exercises using an elastic band enhance muscle activation in patients with cardiovascular diseases”. int.j.kaatsu training res, 9 (1):P. 1-5.
4.  Hendy, A. M, Spittle, M, & Kidgell, D. J. (2012). “ Cross education and immobilisation: mechanisms and implications for injury rehabilitation”. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 15(2):P. 94-101.
5.  Jones D A,Rutherford O M(1978). “Human muscle strength training: the effects of three different regimens and the nature of the resultant changes”. J Physiol, 391(1):P. 1–11.
6.  Karabulut.M, L. Anderson, H. R. Hull, Y. Sato, T. Abe, M. G. Bemben (2006). “Effects of KAATSU on muscular function during isometric exercise”. Health and Exercise Science,University of Oklaho, 2(2):P. 19-28.
7.  Kouzaki. M, Yoshihisa. T, Fukunaga. T. (1997). “Efficacy of tourniquet ischemia for strength training with low resistance”. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 77(1-2):P. 189-191.
8.  Kraemer. WJ, Ratamess. NA (2005). “Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training”. Sports Med, 35(4):P. 339-361.
9.  Kubota.A, K Sakuraba, K Sawaki, T Sumide (2008). “Prevention of disuse muscular weakness by restriction of blood flow”. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40(3):P. 529-34.
10. Kubota.A, K Sakuraba, S Koh, Y Ogura (2011). “Blood flow restriction by low compressive force prevents disuse muscular weakness”. J Sci Med Sport, 14(2):P. 95-9.
11.Loenneke. JP, CA Fahs, JM Wilson, MG Bemben (2011). “Blood flow restriction: the metabolite/volume threshold theory”. Med Hypotheses, 77(5):P. 748-52.
12.Loenneke. JP, CA Fahs, LM Rossow, VD Sherk (2012). “Effects of cuff width on arterial occlusion: implications for blood flow restricted exercise”. Eur J Appl Physiol, 112(8): p.2903-12.
13.Satoshi Fujita, Takashi Abe, Micah J. Drummond, Jerson G. Cadenas, Hans C. Dreyer (2007). “ Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis”. J Appl Physiol, 103(3): P.903-910.
14.Suetta, L. G. Hvid, L. Justesen, U. Christensen, K. Neergaard, N. Ortenblad (2009). “ Effects of aging on human skeletal muscle after immobilization and retraining”. J Appl Physiol, 107(4):P. 1172-80.
15.Suga. T, K Okita, N Morita, T Yokota (2009). “Intramuscular metabolism during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction”. J Appl Physiol, 106(4):P. 1119-24.
16.Suga. T, K Okita, S Takada, M Omokawa (2012). “Effect of multiple set on intramuscular metabolic stress during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction”. Eur J Appl Physiol, 112(11): P.3915-20.
17.Takada, S, Omokawa, M, Kinugawa, S, & Tsutsui, H. (2010). “ Dose effect on intramuscular metabolic stress during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood ow restriction”. J Appl Physiol, 108(6):P. 1563-1567.
18.Takarada. Y, H. Takazawa, N. Ishii(2000a). “Applications of vascular occlusion diminish disuse atrophy of knee extensor muscles”. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32(12):P. 2035-2039.
19.Takarada.A, H Takazawa, Y Sato (2000b). “Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans”. J Appl Physiol, 88(6):P. 2097-2106.
20.Takarada.A, Y Nakamura, S Aruga (2000c). “Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion”. J Appl Physiol, 88(1): p.61-65.
21.Tomohiro Yasuda, Kazuya Fukumura, Yusuke Uchida, Hitomi Koshi, Haruko Iida (2014).Effects of Low-Load, Elastic Band Resistance Training Combined With Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Size and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults”. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, glu084.
22.Wernbom. M, G Paulsen, TS Nilsen, J Hisdal (2012). “Contractile function and sarcolemmal permeability after acute low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction”. Eur J Appl Physiol, 112(6):p. 2051-2063.
23.Wernbom. M, Järrebring. R, Andreasson. MA, and Augustsson, J(2009). “ Acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activity and endurance during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions at low load”. J Strength Cond Res, 23(8):p. 2389-2395.
24.Yasuda, T. Fujita, T, Miyagi, Y, Kubota, Y, Sato, Y, Nakajima, M(2006). “Electromyographic response of arm and chest muscle during bench press exercise with and without kaatsu”. Int J KAATSU Train Res, 2(1):p. 15-18.
25.Yasuda. T, J Loenneke, R Ogasawara (2013). “Influence of continuous or intermittent blood flow restriction on muscle activation during low-intensity multiple sets of resistance exercise”. Acta Physiol Hung, 100(4):p. 419-26.
26.Yasuda. T, T Abe, WF Brechue, H Iida, H Takano(2010). “ Venous blood gas and metabolite response to low-intensity muscle contractions with external limb compression”. Metabolism, 59(10):p. 1510 1519.
27.Yasuda. T, WF Brechue, T Fujita (2009). “Muscle activation during low-intensity muscle contractions with restricted blood flow”. J Sports Sci, 27(5):p. 479-89.
28.Yasuda.T, WF Brechue, T Fujita, Y Sato(2008). “Muscle activation during low-intensity muscle contractions with varying levels of external limb compression”. J Sports Sci Med, 7(4):p. 467-474.
29.Zhou, S. (2003). “ Cross education and neuromuscular adaptations during early stage of strength training”. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 1(1):p. 54.